![]() ![]() For instance, urban planning observer Yayat Supriatna stated that the limitations are not effective as the policy relies on proper socialization and oversight. The implementation of PSBB was heavily criticized at the outset. Jakarta also decided that the pandemic should be combated by implementing large-scale social limitations ( Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar, PSBB), which is based on the Health Quarantine Law. 5 This intervention paves the way for state intervention on managing the pandemic, which is now considered a national disaster. 4 Jokowi also established a new Task Force for the Acceleration of the Management of Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) ( Gugus Tugas Percepatan Penanganan Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19). 24/2007 on Disaster Management, respectively. 3Īs the pandemic gradually expanded, on 13 March 2020, President Joko Widodo (Jokowi) declared that the COVID-19 pandemic as a "Public Health Emergency" ( Kedaruratan Kesehatan Masyarakat) and a "National Disaster" ( Bencana Nasional), based on Law No. 2 In this state of exception, however, the highest command for disaster response is still held by the regional governors and regents. The framework of "state of particularity" ( keadaan tertentu) within the BNPB nomenclature means that there is an elevated vigilance against any disaster potential, paving the way for ad hoc coordination between ministries and organizations, such as the Interior Ministry, Finance Ministry, Health Ministry, the armed forces ( Tentara Nasional Indonesia, TNI), the National Police, and other state institutions. ![]() 1 Initially, this state of exception was implemented from 28 January until 28 February, and the situation was later extended into May. On 28 January 2020, Lieutenant General Doni Monardo, chief of the Indonesian National Board for Disaster Management ( Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana, BNPB), announced that Indonesia is in a "Particular State of Emergency for a Pandemic Disaster" ( Status Keadaan Tertentu Darurat Bencana Wabah) as an initial response to the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic across the world. ![]() As with many other countries, the Indonesian state's initial response was to implement a status of emergency. In early 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic reached Indonesia. ![]()
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